Please note: This course will be delivered in person at the Colchester campus. Online study is not available for this course.

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Lea Sgier spends part of her time teaching qualitative methods at the Department of Political Science of the University of Geneva (Switzerland). In the remaining time, she works as a research methods and research ethics consultant (for various European and Swiss research projects; the Luxemburg Institute of Socio-Economic Research LISER, and for the European Evaluation Academy). She is also an instructor for qualitative methodology and academic writing for a number of graduate programmes (the CUSO Doctoral Programmes in Switzerland, the Polytechnical University of Lausanne EPFL, ENS-PLS in Paris; the KiND Institute in Montreal, etc.). She has also worked in capacity building functions (for LISER in Luxemburg and in international research cooperation with the Western Balkans and the South Caucasus). From 2010-17, she was an assistant professor in qualitative methodology at (US accredited) Central European University (CEU) in Budapest.

Research wise, she has completed a project (with Barbara Lucas, HETS Genève) on institutionalised elderly people’s relation to politics and voting in French-speaking Switzerland, a project that involved small-scale ethnographic observation, qualitative interviews, an institutional survey and a legal analysis. She has also worked on gender issues in politics and on  comparative old age and dementia policy. She was a member of the Steering Committee of the ECPR Standing Group on Political Methodology from 2013-19.

 

This course is centred on the analysis of textual data (such as interview and focus group transcripts, policy documents, archival data, media and social media data, etc.) in a discourse analytic perspective. It is intended for participants who have an interest in (and possibly already some knowledge of the discourse analysis literature), but who feel insufficiently prepared for its concrete methodological implementation (the « how to » aspects).

The course will begin with an introduction to discourse analysis and an overview of its main premises and strands (with an emphasis on the commonalities between them). This discussion will include the « classic » approaches most conventionally referred to as « discourse analysis » (namely Foucauldian DA, Critical DA, post-Marxist DA and discursive psychology), but also approaches a bit more loosely connected to this field (such as narrative analysis, big data DA or more positivist understandings of discourse as (policy) « ideas »).

We will then progress to the methodological aspects of discourse analysis (that are often either absent from the discourse analytic literature or so specific that they are difficult to implement in a specific research). Through various exercises, we will first gain an intuitive understanding of the analytic process as it progresses from descriptive analysis to more interpretive levels of analysis. We will then articulate this process more explicitly, with the help of the general literature on qualitative data analysis that (with the necessary adjustments) provides tools and works for making the analytic process less “obscure”. We will also link the analytic process as such with the writing up process that is organically linked to data analysis, and that comes with its own specific challenges.

The course consists of lectures, practical exercises (some on common course data and some on the students’ own data) and discussions of readings and examples.

The course is intended for the following types of participants :

  • Participants with some knowledge and practice of discourse or/and narrative analysis who feel the need to think through the methodological aspects of their research in greater depth and detail;
  • Participants acquainted with qualitative data analysis in general, but with no or little knowledge in discourse analysis, who would like to understand this universe both from a theoretical and practical perspective ;

Participants who work with data other than textual (for example videos, films, advertisements, campaign posters, political caricatures, ethnographic observations, etc.) are welcome to this course (but should be aware that we will not get into the specifics of visual analysis).

Course Objectives

The aim of this course is to provide participants with a robust understanding of discourse analysis as an applied social science method. The focus will be on understanding the methodological steps and procedures underlying discourse analytic work and to gain a solid sense of what makes a discourse analytic research credible and convincing. By the end of the course, participants should have a good understanding of how discourse analytic research works ; how analyses progress from descriptive to more interpretive levels (and what the pitfalls are in the process) ; and what to pay attention to when turning analytic results into a written-up account. They should also understand how methodological quality principles (such as validity, process transparency/replicability and generalisability) translate into discourse analytic research.

Course Prerequisites

The course is intended for the following types of participants :

  • Participants with some knowledge and practice of discourse or/and narrative analysis who feel the need to think through the methodological aspects of their research in greater depth and detail;
  • Participants acquainted with qualitative data analysis in general, but with no or little knowledge in discourse analysis, who would like to understand this universe both from a theoretical and practical perspective ;
  • Participants who attended the Essex Summer School course « Qualitative Data Analysis : Methodologies for Analysing Text and Talk » (session 1) interested in attending a follow-up course that will go deeper into the materials covered in session 1 (especially week 2).

Participants who work with data other than textual (for example videos, films, advertisements, campaign posters, political caricatures, ethnographic observations, etc.) are welcome to this course, but need to be aware that we will work mostly with textual data.

This course can be attended as a follow-up course to « Qualitative Data Analysis » in session 1, or as a stand-alone course. Participants who are unsure which one of the two courses is more appropriate for them are advised to contact the instructor before registration.

Participants with no knowledge in either general qualitative data analysis or discourse analysis are advised to take the « Qualitative Data Analysis » course in session 1 first.

Course Reading

Instructor will provide their own digital course reader.

Course outline

A full list of readings will be provided to registered course participants.

Day 1:             Introduction

  • General introduction to the course and to the field of DA
  • Difficulties of DA and aims of the course
  • DA as an approach to systems of intelligibility
  • Epistemological underpinnings of DA (across approaches)

Day 2:             Discourse as language: semantics, pragmatics, rhetoric

  • The functions of language
  • What words say and what words do: the performative nature of language
  • Words as signifiers
  • Denotation and connotation
  • Demarcation and hierarchisation

Day 3:             Discourse as relationship : socio-linguistics

  • Communication as a systems of symbolic power
  • Speakers, audiences and meaning-making
  • Discursive competences and strategies
  • Register

Day 4:             Discourses as ideational systems

  • Micro-, meso- and macro-discourses
  • Problematisations (problem constructions)
  • Static and dynamic analysis (intra/inter/extradiscursive, genealogical)
  • Discourse analysis/institutional analysis

Day 5:             Discourse as genre; discourse as a communication process (P-M-R)

  • Discourse as genre; the stratetic use of genres
  • Discourses as communicative systems (of production, circulation and reception)

Weekend

Day 6:            Doing discourse analysis : the research process

  • The research process in discourse analytic research
  • Where is “a discourse”? Where does it begin and end? Corpus construction
  • Finding an angle into the data/opening up data

Day 7:             Doing DA (2):

  • The role of “theory” in DA research
  • Induction, deduction, abduction
  • The holistic nature of DA
  • Method and technique: lessons from the literature on thematic analysis/coding

Day 8:             “Soft coding” : the example of frame analysis and of the WPR approach

  • Bringing systematicity into the analysis: the art of (evolutive) “soft” coding schemes
  • Prognostic and diagnostic frames

Day 9              Building up interpretations

  • Analytic cycles and layers : from descriptive analysis to higher-level interpretations
  • Innovative interpretations or over-interpretations? Quality criteria in DA research
  • interpretive authority and epistemology

Day 10 Writing up discourse analytic research

  • academic writing as a discursive genre
  • balancing description, analysis and interpretation
  • ethical issues in writing up
  • managing the writing process
  • convincing sceptical audiences

Examples of course readings

Antaki, Charles, Billig, Michael, Edwards, Derek and Potter, Jonathan (2003). “Discourse Analysis Means Doing Analysis: A Critique of Six Analytic Shortcomings”. Discourse Analysis Online 1(1). [http://www.shu.ac.uk/daol/previous/v1/n1/index.htm]

Bacchi, Carol (2012).  “Why Study Problematizations? Making Politics Visible.” Open Journal of Political Science 2.01 (2012): 1-8.

Bacchi, Carol (2023). “Oops, I said “themes”: WPR and RTA (Reflexive Thematic Analysis)”. https://carolbacchi.com/2023/12/28/oops-i-said-themes-wpr-and-rta-reflexive-thematic-analysis/

Braun, Virginia and Clarke, Victoria (2006). “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology”, Qualitative Research in Psychology 3(2): 77-101.

Bazerman, Charles (2023). “Genre as Social Action”, in Handford, M. and Gee, P., Routledge Handbook of Discourse Analysis, London: Routledge.

Chilton, Paul and Schäffner, Christina (1997). “Discourse and Politics”, in Van Dijk, Teun A. (eds). Discourse as Social Interaction. London: Sage, pp. 206-230.

Moretti, Franco and Pestre, Dominique (2015). Bankspeak: The Language of World Bank Reports, 1946-2012. Pamphlets of the Stanford Literary Lab.

Paltridge, Brian (2012). Discourse Analysis. An Introduction. London: Bloomsbury, ch. 1-2.

Panizza, Francisco and Miorelli, Romina (2013). “Taking Discourse Seriously: Discursive Institutionalism and Post-structuralist Discourse Theory”. Political Studies 61: 301-318.

Taylor, Stephanie (2001). “Locating and Conducting Discourse Analytic Research”, in Wetherell, Margaret., Taylor, Stephanie and Yates, Simeon J. (Eds). Discourse as Data. A Guide for Analysis. London: Sage, pp. 5-48

van Hulst, Merlijn et al. (2025). “Discourse, framing and narrative: three ways of doing critical, interpretive policy analysis”. Critical Policy Studies, 19:1, 74-96.

Verloo, Mieke (2005). “Mainstreaming Gender Equality in Europe. A Critical Frame Analysis”. The Greek Review of Social Research 117 B’: 11-34.

Yanow, Dvora (2006). “Neither Rigorous nor Objective? Interrogating Criteria for Knowledge Claims in Interpretive  Science”, in Yanow, Dvora and Schwartz-Sea, Peregrine (eds) (2006). Interpretation and Method. Empirical Research Methods and the Interpretive Turn. Armonk NY: M.E. Sharpe.